Bonding performance of universal adhesives with concomitant use of silanes to CAD/CAM blocks / Associação de adesivos universais com silanos na adesão em blocos de CAD/CAM

ABSTRACT Objective: This study assessed whether the use of a silane coupling agent influence the bond strength of two universal adhesives to ceramic or resin CAD/CAM blocks. Methods: Forty-eight samples were obtained from each resin nano-ceramic hybrid block (RCBs) and lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (LD). Samples were treated with silane with MDP (Monobond - S-MDP), silane without MDP (Prosil - PS), and no silane application (Control - Ctr) followed by universal adhesive with silane (UAS) and without silane (UA) (n=8). Three polyurethane tubes (1.5 mm of internal diameter) were positioned in each sample treated surface and filled with a dual cured resin cement. Bond strength was assessed by microshear bond strength test and failure analysis was performed for all samples. Results: For the RCBs, UAS presented the highest bond strength values (p=0.004). Silane application was not significant in bond strength values (p=0.444). For LD, silane application was significant in bond strength values (p<0.001), but the adhesive was not (p=0.066). Failure analysis showed high prevalence of adhesive failures for both substrates. Conclusion: A silane-containing universal adhesive promoted the best bond strength results to the resin nano-ceramic hybrid block. For bonding to a glass-ceramic CAD/CAM material, additional silane (without MDP) application presented the best results.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou se o uso de um agente de união silano influencia na resistência de união de dois adesivos universais a blocos CAD/CAM cerâmicos ou resinosos. Métodos: Quarenta e oito amostras foram obtidas de blocos resinosos (RCBs) e cerâmicos de dissilicato de lítio (LD). As amostras foram tratadas com silano contendo: MDP (Monobond - S-MDP), silano sem MDP (Prosil - PS) ou sem aplicação de silano (Control - Ctr) seguido de adesivo universal com silano (UAS) ou sem silano (UA) (n=8). Três tubos de poliuretano (1,5 mm de diâmetro interno) foram posicionados em cada superfície tratada da amostra e preenchidos com um cimento resinoso dual. A resistência de união foi avaliada pelo teste de microcisalhamento e a análise de falha foi realizada para todas as amostras. Resultados: Para os RCBs, UAS apresentou os maiores valores de resistência de união (p=0,004). A aplicação de silano não foi significativa nos valores de resistência adesiva (p=0,444). Para LD, a aplicação de silano foi significativa nos valores de resistência de união (p<0,001), mas o adesivo não (p=0,066). A análise de falhas mostrou alta prevalência de falhas adesivas para ambos os substratos. Conclusão: O adesivo universal contendo silano promoveu os melhores valores de resistência adesiva ao bloco de resina. Para o bloco cerâmico, a aplicação adicional de silano (sem MDP) apresentou melhores resultados.

Influence of the combined effect of desensitizing dentifrices and universal adhesives on dentin bond strength under erosive conditions

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of desensitizing dentifrices containing obliterating agents can affect bond strength of eroded/abraded dentin. Methodology A total of 100 dentin samples were obtained from human molars. The teeth were cut into 3 mm-thickness discs and allocated in five groups (n=20), according to the toothpaste used: WoF - abrasion with fluoride-free toothpaste (Cocoricó); Arg - toothpaste containing arginine (Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief); Nov - calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste (Sensodyne Repair and Protect); SnF - fluoride-containing toothpaste (AmF/SnCl2/SnF2 - Elmex Erosion); and Control (no erosive/abrasive process). The erosive/abrasive cycle consisted of immersion in citric acid (1%, pH 2.6, 5 min, 4×/day) and abrasion (2×/day, 120-20 sec abrasion, 100 sec immersion) with each toothpaste. During intervals, samples were immersed in artificial saliva. This cycle was performed for five days. Two resin cylinders (2 mm in diameter) were constructed on each sample for the shear bond strength test using a universal adhesive system. The self-etch and etch-and-rinse (Scotchbond Universal) strategies were employed, each in half of the total sample (n=10). Bond strength (MPa) was measured in a shear test and failure modes were assessed with a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results A statistically significant difference was found between the adhesive strategies tested (p<0.001), with the self-etching form showing higher values than the etch-and-rinse. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the tested toothpastes (p=0.750) and interactions (p=0.438). Conclusion The use of toothpaste containing obliterating agents does not affect bond strength to dentin subjected to erosive/abrasive conditions when a universal adhesive is used. However, the self-etch strategy might be preferred for eroded/abraded dentin.

Deleterious Effects over Enamel Surface Bleached with Low and High Concentration Gels Containing Calcium In vitro Evaluation

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological effects of bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 40 % (HP 40 %) and carbamide peroxide 20 % (CP 20 %), with and without the addition of calcium (2000 ppm), in enamel. Bovine enamel blocks (25 mm2) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12) accordingly to the bleaching gel (HP 40 % and CP 20 %) and the presence of calcium (with and without). Control group were immersed in artificial saliva. The treatments were carried out for 14 days. Roughness (Ra) and Knoop microhardness analysis were performed for enamel surface before and after treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The bleached group with 40 % HP had the lowest values of microhardness. There was a statistically significant difference between the initial and final readings. For surface roughness were no differences between the tested materials; but there was an increase of roughness for all groups after bleaching. It was concluded that all bleaching agents tested promoted a surface microhardness decrease after treatment, however the calcium addition promoted a slighter surface alteration, and all bleaching agents promoted a surface roughness increase after treatment.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos morfológicos del blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno 40 % (HP 40 %) y peróxido de carbamida 20% (CP 20 %), con y sin calcio (2000 ppm), en el esmalte. Para este efecto se dividieron aleatoriamente bloques de esmalte bovino (25 mm2) en 5 grupos (n = 12) de acuerdo con el gel blanqueador (HP 40 % y CP 20 %) y la presencia de calcio (con y sin). El grupo de control se sumergió en saliva artificial. Los tratamientos se llevaron a cabo durante 14 días. Se realizaron análisis de rugosidad (Ra) y microdureza Knoop para la superficie del esmalte antes y después del tratamiento. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas y prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). El grupo blanqueado con 40 % de HP tuvo los valores más bajos de microdureza. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el resultado inicial y final. Para la rugosidad de la superficie no hubo diferencias entre los materiales probados; pero hubo un aumento de rugosidad en todos los grupos después del blanqueo. Se concluyó que todos los agentes blanqueadores probados promovieron una disminución de la microdureza superficial después del tratamiento, sin embargo, la adición de calcio promovió una alteración superficial más leve y todos los agentes blanqueadores promovieron un aumento de la rugosidad superficial después del tratamiento.

Influence of the photoinitiator system and light photoactivation units on the degree of conversion of dental composites

The aim of this study was to observe the influence of two light polymerization units (LED or halogen light) on the degree of conversion (DC) of three dental composites with lighter shades and a different photoinitiator system. The top (T) and bottom (B) surfaces of 60 discs of composite resin (Filtek™ Supreme, Filtek™ Z250, Tetric™ Ceram Bleach) cured either by LED or by halogen lamp (HL) were studied using an FT-Raman spectrometer. The degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by following the changes in the intensity of the methacrylate C=C stretching mode at 1640 cm-1. The calculated DC ranged from 54.2 percent (B) to 73.4 percent (T) and from 60.2 percent (B) to 76.6 percent (T) for the LED and HL, respectively. LED and halogen devices were able to produce an adequate DC for all the resins tested.

In vitro assessment of the effectiveness of whitening dentifrices for the removal of extrinsic tooth stains

This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of whitening dentifrices for the removal of extrinsic tooth stains. Twenty dental blocks (4 x 4 mm), including enamel and dentine, removed from freshly extracted bovine incisors, were randomly divided into 4 groups: G1 - distilled water, G2 - Colgate, G3 - Crest Extra Whitening and G4 - Rapid White. In all specimens, the dentin was covered with colorless nail polish, and the enamel was left exposed. Next, the specimens were immersed in a solution of black tea, which was changed every 24 h, for a period of 6 days. After this period, a photo-reflectance reading was taken (Time 1) with a spectrometer. The stained specimens were then submitted to linear brushing movements (5,000 cycles) using brushes (Oral B-Soft) coupled to an automatic toothbrushing machine, under a static axial load of 200 g and with a speed of 4 movements/second, at 37°C, with the dentifrice or water being injected every 60 s. When toothbrushing ended, a second photo-reflectance reading was taken (Time 2). The results were submitted to two-criteria analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to the Tukey test ( = 0.05). When the two times for a same group were compared, Time 2 presented the highest reflectance values with statistical difference only for G3 and G4. Among the dentifrices tested, only the Rapid White group differed from the control group, presenting the highest reflectance values. Only the whitening dentifrice Rapid White was effective for the removal of extrinsic stains.

Facetas diretas com compósitos / Direct composite resin veneer

A presença de alteraçöes morfológicas e na cor do esmalte dental atingem um grande número de crianças e adolescentes, ocorrendo na maioria das vezes devido às injúrias traumáticas durante a dentiçäo decídua. Existe mais de uma soluçäo para este tipo de situaçäo, onde o cirurgiäo-dentista deve diagnosticar as causas e indicar o procedimento mais adequado para aquele paciente, restabelecendo a funçäo e a estética, que hoje é considerada fundamental. Este caso visa relatar uma das técnicas mais conservadoras para solucionar esteticamente este tipo de alteraçäo em um jovem adolescente

Alteração de cor do cimento de ionômero de vidro: avaliação de dois cimentos restauradores / Color change of glass ionomer cement: evaluation of two restorative cements

A maioria dos estudos sobre alteração de cor de materiais estéticos realiza uma avaliação qualitativa dos resultados, sem especificar a quantidade de corante depositada na amostra. O propósito desse estudo foi quantificar a alteração de cor dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro Chelon-Fil e Vidrion R 15 minutos, 1 hora e 24 horas após o início da presa. Entre os materiais testados, o Chelon-Fil apresentou os melhores resultados